SANTEE, Calif. (AP) ? California Authorities say a pilot from Phoenix, his wife and daughter were killed when a home-built airplane crashed in a San Diego County nature preserve.
Sheriff's Lt. Scott Amos says the single-engine plane went down Saturday morning within Sycamore Canyon Open Space Preserve near Santee. Medical examiners said the dead included a 65-year-old man, his 53-year-old wife and their 19-year-old daughter.
Federal Aviation Administration spokesman Ian Gregor says the four-seat Lancair IV-P had departed from San Diego's Montgomery Field en route to Deer Valley Airport in Phoenix.
The FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board are investigating.
The Lancair web site says the IV-P is one of a series of aircraft kits that are no longer in production
Cell Phone Signal Blocker - stay away from the irritating ring
Phone signal jammer is a practical tool until you get to stay within the inner parts of equipment interference phone, designed for mobile phones in the vicinity, if a useful tool, whether it is small or large, have one goal ? to disconnect a mobile phone signal so way, they will fail. Thus, you can not get any phone, while under the control of the mobile phone signal interference.
To operate the manner in which a mobile phone signal jamming device?
Cellular radio wave signal generated by cell phone jammer is the same length. As a result, this should be the main signal intrusion and any call can not be made or received by the cell during this time period.
Cell phone signal jammer benefits:
Phone seems to be one of the main means of communication, and rabies tools. Growing a wide range of equipment, tools, trouble, on the one hand, on the other danger. The mobile application is incorrect, the students take the exam, they use in hospitals and health centers, it is a serious annoyance and at-risk patients in the first place, these people are in my heart and soul. Phone for more terrorist organizations, to activate them in multiple locations simultaneously. For this reason, 4g cell phone jammer machinery is applied to the end portion so that in all these cases become completely unmanageable.
Disadvantage of the device signal interference phone
Suppose you call the 911 emergency situations, you can not pass, was on his or her cell phone signal jamming. Otherwise, in order to concentrate efforts to contact the police lines, to avoid a burglary in the theft, but the thief visionary to a mobile phone signal blockers in his pocket. Thus, in this case, you have, what actions? Cell phone jammer for special purposes, may be simply a form of entertainment help.
Cell phone signal jammer and classification of household appliances
Phone signal jammers are available in various sizes, especially portable lojack jammer?begin and end device with a large desk type of signal interference. Portable protection signal their arsenal in small radius unlike table-interference signal device. One in the center of a clear signal blockers target class disable cry, the whole building should have most of the applications of their schools, hospitals, offices and other public places. Move on, it can be used in portable equipment Cell phone jammer signal.
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Companies need to advertise their products and services in order to increase sales. Although there are many ways in which businesses can advertise products, use of banners remains a cost effective method. If a company is running promotional offers, custom vinyl banner printing can help pass across the message to customers. Considering that all businesses want to minimize their cost of advertising while still keeping their sales volumes high, some of the marketing tools may be quite costly.
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The banners are lightweight and you can easily move them from one location to another. Even with large banners, they can be rolled up easily and transported by vehicles to the point where they are to be placed. Moreover, these tools are durable because they have been designed to withstand weather conditions like sun and rain.
What is more, wind can blow and tear away fragile advertising print materials. Similarly, heavy downpour may soak poor quality banners materials damaging them. In any case, with the vinyl banners, they are designed to persist ecological conditions and will along these lines serve their advertising role for quite a while.
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NEW YORK (AP) ? Katie Holmes' return to Broadway will be much shorter than she would have liked.
The former Mrs. Cruise's play "Dead Accounts" will close within a week of the new year. Producers said Thursday that Theresa Rebeck's drama will close on Jan. 6 after 27 previews and 44 performances.
The show, which opened to poor reviews on Nov. 29, stars Norbert Leo Butz as Holmes' onstage brother who returns to his Midwest home with a secret. Rebeck created the first season of NBC's "Smash" and several well-received plays including "Seminar" and "Mauritius."
Holmes, who became a star in the teen soap opera "Dawson's Creek," made her Broadway debut in the 2008 production of "All My Sons." She was married to Tom Cruise from 2006 until this year.
If you are
like many other American families, the current upheaval in Washington regarding
the fiscal cliff (and the estate and gift taxes) doesn?t particularly interest
you. However, while the discussions in Washington generally only affect the
extremely wealthy, don?t be fooled. You still need an estate plan for yourself
and your loved ones.
No matter
your net worth, it?s important to have, at the bare minimum, a basic estate
plan. Such a plan ensures that your family and financial goals are met after
you die and may include components such as a Will, a Durable Power of Attorney,
a Living Will or Medical Power of Attorney, and possibly even a Trust.
So, now that
you know you need some sort of estate planning, you may be wondering where to
begin. A good place to start is taking inventory of your assets. Your assets
include your investments, retirement savings, insurance policies, and real
estate or business interests.
Then ask
yourself three questions:? Whom do you
want to inherit your assets? Whom do you want handling your financial affairs
if you?re ever incapacitated? Whom do you want making medical decisions for you
if you become unable to make them for yourself?
Now, be sure
to consult with your estate planning attorney to ensure your estate plan is
properly drafted and executed. Preparing your own estate plan is not a safe DIY
project, especially when the protection of all that you have and everyone you
love is at stake.?
German finance minister says worst of euro debt crisis over
the associated press
First Published 7 hours ago ? Updated 7 hours ago
Berlin ? Germany?s finance minister says the worst of euro area?s debt crisis appears to be over after three years of worries over Greece and other members of the group of 17 European Union countries that use the single currency.
Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble was quoted Thursday as telling the Bild newspaper: "I think we have the worst behind us."
Schaeuble says Greece and others have recognized that they can only overcome the crisis by implementing reforms and that the Greek government ? which has received two bailouts ? "knows that it cannot financially overburden the other euro states".
Some in Germany have expressed concern about the economy of neighboring France. But Schaeuble says the government there "knows very well that every country must constantly conduct reforms to remain competitive."
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LOS ANGELES ? The Los Angeles Clippers didn't finish their 14th consecutive victory well. They were good enough through the first three quarters that it didn't matter.
Jamal Crawford led a dominant performance by the Los Angeles reserves with 22 points in a 112-100 victory over the Denver Nuggets on Tuesday night, extending the team's franchise-record winning streak while claiming the best record in the NBA at 22-6.
"It's about getting better and better," Crawford said. "We're trying to stay locked in and focused."
Matt Barnes added 20 points ? one off his season high ? as the bench outscored the Clippers' starters 64-48 in moving one win ahead of second-best Oklahoma City (21-6), which lost to Miami earlier Tuesday.
"This is fool's gold," cautioned Chris Paul, who led the starters with 14 points. "You don't play for the regular season. Obviously, you want to build something."
Kosta Koufos and Jordan Hamilton scored 16 points each for Denver in the finale of a Christmas doubleheader at Staples Center. The Lakers, who will play the Nuggets on Wednesday night in Denver, beat the Knicks 100-94 in the first game.
"They're a very good running team and they're very athletic, so we wanted to just play within ourselves and play smart throughout the game," Koufos said. "I thought we established ourselves early on. We were getting some good looks, but at the same time, shots weren't going in."
Ty Lawson added 15 points for the Nuggets, who fell to 7-13 on the road, where 22 of their first 32 games are being played.
"They've got the respect of the league and they've got the attention of the league," said former Clipper Andre Miller, who had 12 points. "It's tough to come in here and get a win when the team is playing that well."
Crawford's 3-pointer to open the fourth quarter pushed the Clippers' lead to 20 points and kept the starters on the bench for the final 12 minutes. Coming into the game, their average margin of victory during the streak had been 13 points and they exceeded that when the Nuggets failed to make it close in the fourth.
Crawford scored eight points in the quarter. He leads NBA reserves in scoring and topped 20 points for the 12th time this season.
But none of the Clippers were happy about the sloppy final period, when they were outscored 24-19 and the Nuggets shot 61 percent.
"It looked like a layup drill for them," Clippers coach Vinny Del Negro said about Denver scoring 10 straight points. "I'm big into making sure we play the right way. It's always about the big picture and us getting better."
Blake Griffin added 13 points and Willie Green had 11 among the other leading Los Angeles starters.
Denver rallied after halftime, using a 15-6 spurt to close to 73-63, capped by Andre Iguodala's free throw after Paul received a technical foul.
The Clippers answered with three consecutive 3-pointers, including two by Green from opposite corners, for an 84-67 lead. The Nuggets ran off seven in a row to get within 10 before the Clippers regrouped with a 9-2 run, capped by Paul's 3-pointer, that kept them ahead 93-76 heading into the fourth.
"They have a confidence right now that's pretty powerful," Nuggets coach George Karl said.
The Clippers stretched their lead to 67-48 at halftime with 42 points in the second, their highest-scoring quarter this season. The bench got things going with a 14-10 run before Paul replaced a wild Eric Bledsoe. His presence settled down the second unit until Griffin and DeAndre Jordan eventually came back in during a 28-10 run the rest of the period that produced the Clippers' first double-digit lead. Driving dunks by Barnes and Griffin, alley-oop dunks by Griffin and Jordan, and consecutive 3-pointers by Barnes and Paul highlighted the scoring binge.
"When we are at our best our starters have a great first quarter and our bench elevates that," Griffin said.
Hamilton banked in a jumper at the buzzer to give the Nuggets a 26-25 lead after a back-and-forth opening quarter. There were nine lead changes and eight ties, with neither team leading by more than three points.
NOTES: The Clippers improved to 13-3 at home, where they haven't lost there since Nov. 26 against New Orleans. ... Denver fell to 3-3 in the first game of a back-to-back set. ... Los Angeles wore all-red uniforms, while the Nuggets were in navy. ... Paul flew in 30 family members from North Carolina to enjoy the holiday. ... It was Paul's idea to have his teammates wear ugly Christmas sweaters to the arena, and his mother procured them. "It shows we're a tight-knit group," Crawford said. Some of the Clippers declared F Matt Barnes the unofficial winner. His green-and-cream cardigan had tinsel, bows and ornaments hanging from it. ... Kanye West was part of a contingent of Kardashians in the house, including Kim and Khloe.
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Retired Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, who topped an illustrious military career by commanding the U.S.-led international coalition that drove Saddam Hussein's forces out of Kuwait in 1991 but kept a low public profile in controversies over the second Gulf War against Iraq, died Thursday. He was 78.
Schwarzkopf died in Tampa, Fla., where he had lived in retirement, according to a U.S. official, who was not authorized to release the information publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
A much-decorated combat soldier in Vietnam, Schwarzkopf was known popularly as "Stormin' Norman" for a notoriously explosive temper.
He served in his last military assignment in Tampa as commander-in-chief of U.S. Central Command, the headquarters responsible for U.S. military and security concerns in nearly 20 countries from the eastern Mediterranean and Africa to Pakistan.
Schwarzkopf became "CINC-Centcom" in 1988 and when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait three years later to punish it for allegedly stealing Iraqi oil reserves, he commanded Operation Desert Storm, the coalition of some 30 countries organized by President George H.W. Bush that succeeded in driving the Iraqis out.
"Gen. Norm Schwarzkopf, to me, epitomized the 'duty, service, country' creed that has defended our freedom and seen this great nation through our most trying international crises," Bush said in a statement. "More than that, he was a good and decent man ? and a dear friend."
At the peak of his postwar national celebrity, Schwarzkopf ? a self-proclaimed political independent ? rejected suggestions that he run for office, and remained far more private than other generals, although he did serve briefly as a military commentator for NBC.
While focused primarily in his later years on charitable enterprises, he campaigned for President George W. Bush in 2000 but was ambivalent about the 2003 invasion of Iraq, saying he doubted victory would be as easy as the White House and Pentagon predicted. In early 2003 he told the Washington Post the outcome was an unknown:
"What is postwar Iraq going to look like, with the Kurds and the Sunnis and the Shiites? That's a huge question, to my mind. It really should be part of the overall campaign plan," he said.
Initially Schwarzkopf had endorsed the invasion, saying he was convinced that former Secretary of State Colin Powell had given the United Nations powerful evidence of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. After that proved false, he said decisions to go to war should depend on what U.N. weapons inspectors found.
He seldom spoke up during the conflict, but in late 2004, he sharply criticized then-Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and the Pentagon for mistakes that included inadequate training for Army reservists sent to Iraq and for erroneous judgments about Iraq.
"In the final analysis I think we are behind schedule. ... I don't think we counted on it turning into jihad (holy war)," he said in an NBC interview.
Schwarzkopf was born Aug. 24, 1934, in Trenton, N.J., where his father, Col. H. Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., founder and commander of the New Jersey State Police, was then leading the investigation of the Lindbergh kidnap case, which ended with the arrest and 1936 execution of German-born carpenter Richard Hauptmann for stealing and murdering the famed aviator's infant son.
The elder Schwarzkopf was named Herbert, but when the son was asked what his "H'' stood for, he would reply, "H." Although reputed to be short-tempered with aides and subordinates, he was a friendly, talkative and even jovial figure who didn't like "Stormin' Norman" and preferred to be known as "the Bear," a sobriquet given him by troops.
He also was outspoken at times, including when he described Gen. William Westmoreland, the U.S. commander in Vietnam, as "a horse's ass" in an Associated Press interview.
As a teenager Norman accompanied his father to Iran, where the elder Schwarzkopf trained the country's national police force and was an adviser to Reza Pahlavi, the young Shah of Iran.
Young Norman studied there and in Switzerland, Germany and Italy, then followed in his father's footsteps to West Point, graduating in 1956 with an engineering degree. After stints in the U.S. and abroad, he earned a master's degree in engineering at the University of Southern California and later taught missile engineering at West Point.
In 1966 he volunteered for Vietnam and served two tours, first as a U.S. adviser to South Vietnamese paratroops and later as a battalion commander in the U.S. Army's Americal Division. He earned three Silver Stars for valor ? including one for saving troops from a minefield ? plus a Bronze Star, a Purple Heart and three Distinguished Service Medals.
While many career officers left military service embittered by Vietnam, Schwarzkopf was among those who opted to stay and help rebuild the tattered Army into a potent, modernized all-volunteer force.
After Saddam invaded Kuwait in August 1990, Schwarzkopf played a key diplomatic role by helping to persuade Saudi Arabia's King Fahd to allow U.S. and other foreign troops to deploy on Saudi territory as a staging area for the war to come.
On Jan. 17, 1991, a five-month buildup called Desert Shield became Operation Desert Storm as allied aircraft attacked Iraqi bases and Baghdad government facilities. The six-week aerial campaign climaxed with a massive ground offensive on Feb. 24-28, routing the Iraqis from Kuwait in 100 hours before U.S. officials called a halt.
Schwarzkopf said afterward he agreed with Bush's decision to stop the war rather than drive to Baghdad to capture Saddam, as his mission had been only to oust the Iraqis from Kuwait.
But in a desert tent meeting with vanquished Iraqi generals, he allowed a key concession on Iraq's use of helicopters, which later backfired by enabling Saddam to crack down more easily on rebellious Shiites and Kurds.
While he later avoided the public second-guessing by academics and think tank experts over the ambiguous outcome of Gulf War I and its impact on Gulf War II, he told the Washington Post in 2003, "You can't help but... with 20/20 hindsight, go back and say, 'Look, had we done something different, we probably wouldn't be facing what we are facing today.'"
After retiring from the Army in 1992, Schwarzkopf wrote a best-selling autobiography, "It Doesn't Take A Hero." Of his Gulf war role, he said, "I like to say I'm not a hero. I was lucky enough to lead a very successful war." He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and honored with decorations from France, Britain, Belgium, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain.
Schwarzkopf was a national spokesman for prostate cancer awareness and for Recovery of the Grizzly Bear, served on the Nature Conservancy board of governors and was active in various charities for chronically ill children.
"I may have made my reputation as a general in the Army and I'm very proud of that," he once told the AP. "But I've always felt that I was more than one-dimensional. I'd like to think I'm a caring human being. ... It's nice to feel that you have a purpose."
Schwarzkopf and his wife, Brenda, had three children: Cynthia, Jessica and Christian.
Day trading is a hyper-competitive job, and although the dream of trading from home in your pajamas is often touted, the truth is that it takes hard work to be successful. Giving yourself an edge through things like advanced education can make the difference between full-time day trading and not giving up your day job. Investing:Day-Trading Articles from EzineArticles.com
Silver Sun Resource Corp. (TSXV:SSU,FSE:SS6,OTCQX:SSUXF) is a Canadian-based resource company focused on the acquisition, exploration, and development of?precious metal deposits in North America. The Company?s flagship project is its wholly-owned producing Cherry Hill Gold Mine near Yreka in northern California. Silver Sun?is transporting mined ore from Cherry Hill to a private mill in Grants Pass, Oregon?where it is currently producing at a rate of 1,000 tons per month. The Company has an?experienced management team with a growth strategy to develop a diversified portfolio?of mining projects that can be taken to production in the near-term.
INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS
Fully permitted ? commenced production in November 2011
Low-cost producer ? projected costs at less than $200/ton
Metallurgy tests indicate recoveries of 95% for gold and 87% for silver
Blue Sky capacity to increase production by acquiring and developing additional surrounding properties
Key Property
Cherry Hill Gold Mine ? Yreka, California
The Cherry Hill Gold Mine property is 100% wholly owned by Silver Sun and covers approximately 125 acres, located eight miles from Yreka in Siskiyou County, Northern California. Cherry Hill is a high grade?underground mesothermal gold-quartz lode mine that first began production as early as?1892 and has operated intermittently over the past 120 years.
In 2011, Lucky Boy Resources LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of Silver Sun Resource?Corporation) acquired 100 percent ownership of the Cherry Hill Property. Upon?acquisition, five portals were re-opened and the underground workings rehabilitated so?that the mine could be brought up to Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)?standards in anticipation of production.
In May 2012, the Company received approval from the United States Forest Service?(USFS) to continue with the current Plan of Operations, which is valid until the year 2023?using permits and licenses currently in place. Silver Sun plans to apply to the USFS to?broaden the Plan of Operations at Cherry Hill to include the entire property for which a?full Environmental Assessment will be required.
In October of 2012, Silver Sun commenced commercial production at Cherry Hill from?the existing two-year old workings that access the Queen Vein from the west on level 4?(4360 feet) where ore has been blocked out between the 3rd and 4th levels. Metallurgical testing indicates?recoveries of up to 95 percent for gold and 87 percent for silver.
Silver Sun has a milling contract with a private gravity and flotation circuit mill?approximately 82 miles from the mine in Grants Pass, Oregon. The Company has?increased the production rate to 1,000 tons per month. In October 2012, 1,000 tons of?mineralized material was trucked to the mill for processing. Upon completion, the gravity?and floatation circuit concentrates will be delivered to Just Refiners of Sparks, Nevada,?which will then assay the concentrates for gold content.
Silver Sun Resources also plans to open portal Q2 for rehabilitation?work and sampling.?An underground drill program is slated for 2013 with the purpose of proving the Queen?Vein continues to depth. Once the current two year mine plan to extract 1,200 feet of vein from the Q4 level is complete, the company plans on developing the Q5 level, which should provide additional multiple years of mine life.
SUMMARY
Silver Sun Resource Corp.?s wholly-owned Cherry Hill?Gold Mine near Yreka in northern California is currently producing at a rate of 1,000?tons per month.?Metallurgical testing indicates recoveries of up to 95 percent for gold and 87 percent for silver.?Silver Sun plans to apply to the United States Forest Service to?broaden the Plan of Operations?at Cherry Hill to include the entire property. In 2013, the?Company will focus on expanding?the production output and and further exploring the?Queen Vein.
MANAGEMENT
Mark A. McLeary ? President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
A Chartered Financial Planner and former Certified Financial Planner (CFP) and a member of the Financial Planners Standards Council of Canada, Mr. McLeary founded McLeary Capital Management, Inc. in 1994 and provides management and consulting services to public companies. Mr. McLeary has over 21 years in the financial services industry and has served as both an officer and director for a number of companies. Currently Mr. McLeary is the President, CEO and director of Silver Sun and Newton Gold Corp both trading on the TSX Venture Exchange.
Tom Kordyback ? Chief Financial Officer and Director
Mr. Kordyback is a Chartered Accountant and a member of the British Columbia Institute?of Chartered Accountants. He was the former Chief Financial Officer of Creo Products?Inc. (Kodak) a Nasdaq and TSX listed company, and he was most recently a director of?Extreme CCTV another TSX-listed company that was sold to Bosch in 2008.
Ian Foreman ? Director
Mr. Foreman is a Professional Geoscientist with more than 19 years? experience in the?mining industry. He is the principal of Foremost Geological Consulting, a non-reporting?company in the business of providing geological and management services to the mining?industry. Mr. Foreman graduated with honours from Queen?s University and has worked?in a wide spectrum of geological environments involving both base and precious metals.?He is currently the President and a director of Yale Resources Ltd. listed on the TSX?Venture Exchange. Cherry Hill is the second mine that Mr. Foreman has helped put into production.
Vampires, Angels, Demons, elves and fey. What do they have in common? More than you think!
Owner:
Game Masters:
This topic is an Out Of Character part of the roleplay, ?The Mystical Hunt?. Anything posted here will also show up there.
Topic Tags:
Forum for completely Out of Character (OOC) discussion, based around whatever is happening In Character (IC). Discuss plans, storylines, and events; Recruit for your roleplaying game, or find a GM for your playergroup.
Want your character to have a friend? Put them here! I will also post NPS here as well so check it out!
"With these hands we will rebuild."
Zenia
Member for 1 years
Being Skelly: Name:Unknown Alias:Ruby Rose Age: very old but appears to be 22. Gender: female Race: Summer Fey Picture: see below Past: She was living her life as the summer lady when her home was destroyed by the humans. She formed a resistance in the city closest to her homeland soon becoming a well-respected member of the resistance. Weapon: Rose whip sword Magic: Summer Likes: her fellow beings, children, the Beings under her command, brains over brawns, knowledge Dislikes: Hunters, artificial magic, people being idiots and caring only for themselves, people not seeing the bigger picture Fears: the hunters winning, a never ending winter Flaws: she tends to be to caring, she also loses her temper when they ignore her sound advice Special features: wings, human form Orientation: straight Weaknesses: Winter, Ice, Death, darkness, cold
Zenia
Member for 1 years
Post a reply
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If you appreciate what they do, feel free to donate your spare change to help feed them on the weekends. After selecting the amount you want to donate from the menu, you can continue by clicking on PayPal logo.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. regulators this week could drop their investigation of how Google ranks certain searches, without requiring any major changes in how the online giant does business, according to two people knowledgeable about the investigation.
Google had been accused of giving competitors in lucrative areas like travel a lower ranking in search results, thus making it harder for their customers to find them.
But the Federal Trade Commission is expected to conclude that Google's actions were legal and end its more than two-year probe of the company.
FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz has said he wanted the case wrapped up by the end of the year. He is widely expected to step down within a month but has not announced his resignation.
Google is expected to agree to some changes in its business practices, however. For example, it is expected to end the practice of "scraping," or using reviews from other websites, for its own products, the sources said.
And it is also expected to allow customers who use its advertising network to be able to export data on the effectiveness of those ad campaigns, the sources said.
Google and the FTC are also expected to reach an agreement on when the company can request sales bans when filing patent infringement lawsuits.
The company is expected to agree to strict conditions when filing these lawsuits if the patent in question has been determined to be essential to a standard, the sources said.
The European Commission, which is also probing Google on the issue of search fairness, is expected to announce a decision next month.
Google's U.S. critics, anticipating disappointment from the FTC, have already said they would take their evidence to the Justice Department to press the antitrust division to take up the case.
Apollo 11 left a lot of crap at Tranquility Base, both figurative and literal. Among the things untouched since 1969: a U.S. flag, a pair of tongs, two empty food bags, a gold olive branch, two defecation collectors and four urine collectors. In fact, there's concern among World Heritage advocates that these droppings may be disturbed when space is commercialized. So if you take a moon tour in 2050, try not to step in anything, mmk? Image via NASA.
Click here to view this gallery.
[More from Mashable: 10 Naughty Cats Versus Christmas Trees]
One day, your children will fly to the moon to get a look at Neil Armstrong's poop. Don't believe me?
Check out this week's batch of Reddit Facts above.
[More from Mashable: Top 5 Apps for Kids This Week]
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Warming climate unlikely to cause extinction of ancient Amazon trees, study finds
Friday, December 14, 2012
New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive man-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out.
A study, published in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the surprising age of some Amazonian tree species ? more than 8 million years ? and therefore shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming scenarios forecast for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will likely survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. Although extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures rise, the trees will likely endure the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors recommend that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimise the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain focused on preventing deforestation for agriculture and mining.
The study is at odds with other recent research, based on ecological niche-modeling scenarios, which predicted tree species' extinctions in response to relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the findings were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major threats to the Amazon's future.
Dr Lewis said: "The past cannot be compared directly with the future. While tree species seem likely to tolerate higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being converted for agriculture and mining, and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly fragmented by fields and roads.
"Species will not move as freely in today's Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human influence. Similarly, today's climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past difficult.
"With a clearer understanding of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we conclude that direct human impacts ? such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining ? should remain a focus of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to minimise the risk of drought and fire impacts to secure the future of most Amazon tree species."
The 12 tree species used in the study are broadly representative of the Amazon tree flora. Samples were collected in Panama, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, French Guiana and Bolivia.
To determine the age of each tree species researchers extracted and sequenced DNA, analysing the number of genetic mutations. Using a molecular clock approach and population genetic models they estimated how long it would take for each of the species to accumulate the observed number of mutations, providing a minimum age for each species. They determined that nine of the tree species had existed for at least 2.6 million years, seven for at least 5.6 million years, and three for more than 8 million years.
With reference to climatic events that have occurred since those tree species emerged, the authors inferred that the tree species had previously survived warmer climates. Air temperatures across Amazonia in the early Pliocene Epoch (3.6 million to 5 million years ago) were similar to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) mid-range projections for the region in 2100. Air temperatures in the late Miocene Epoch (5.3 to 11.5 million years ago) were about the same as IPCC projections for the region in 2100 using some of the highest carbon-emission scenarios.
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University College London: http://www.ucl.ac.uk
Thanks to University College London for this article.
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All through the week we do our best to bring you all the biggest injury news from around the league.
Inevitably, a few injuries fall through the cracks and don?t wind up with a spotlight on them at any point. That?s why we?ve got the injury report roundup every week to make sure that nothing makes it entirely through the net before the weekend starts.
Giants at Falcons
Cornerback Prince Amukamara (hamstring), running back Ahmad Bradshaw (knee,?foot), safety Kenny Phillips (knee) and safety Tyler Sash (hamstring) are all out for the Giants. Linebacker Michael Boley (back) is questionable and wide receiver Hakeem Nicks (knee) is probable. Falcons wide receiver Roddy White (knee) is going to be a game-time decision, as will safety William Moore (hamstring), defensive tackle Jonathan Babineaux (ribs) and wide receiver Harry Douglas (ribs).
Broncos at Ravens
The Broncos are relatively healthy. Guard Chris Kuper and linebacker Wesley Woodyard are both questionable with ankle injuries while wide receiver DeMaryius Thomas (shoulder) is probable to be in the lineup. Linebacker Jameel McClain (neck) is the only Raven ruled out and tight end Ed Dickson (knee) is doubtful, but they have several game-time decisions to make. Linebacker Terrell Suggs (biceps), safety Bernard Pollard (chest), linebacker Dannell Ellerbee (ankle), cornerback Jimmy Smith (abdomen), defensive end Pernell McPhee (thigh) and guard Marshal Yanda (ankle) are all questionable. Linebacker Ray Lewis (triceps) is practicing, but is not listed on the injury report since he is still on injured reserve.
Packers at Bears
The Packers will be without wide receiver Jordy Nelson (hamstring), safety Charles Woodson (collarbone), defensive end C.J. Wilson (knee) and running back James Starks (knee). Guard Josh Sitton is questionable after injuring his hip in practice on Thursday and linebacker Clay Matthews (hamstring) is set to return after missing four games. Wide receiver Earl Bennett (concussion), cornerback Tim Jennings (shoulder) and linebacker Brian Urlacher (hamstring) are out again for the Bears. They could be thin on the defensive line as defensive tackle Henry Melton (chest) and defensive end Shea McClellin (knee) are doubtful for the game.
Redskins at Browns
If you?ve been here at any point this week, you know Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III is going to be a game-time decision with a sprained knee. Linebacker London Fletcher (ankle) and tackle Trent Williams (thigh) are also questionable for Washington. The Browns have nine probable players, leaving them looking almost as fit as a fiddle for Sunday.
Colts at Texans
The Colts have ruled out running back Delone Carter (ankle), linebacker Kavell Conner (hamstring), tackle Winston Justice (biceps), center Samson Satele (ankle) and S Tom Zbikowski (knee) for their battle with the AFC South leaders. Texans linebacker Brooks Reed will miss another game with a groin injury and cornerback Alan Ball (foot) has also been ruled out.
Jaguars at Dolphins
It?s awfully lonely in the Jaguars backfield with running backs Rashad Jennings (concussion), Maurice Jones-Drew (foot) and Jordan Todman (calf) all ruled out. Jacksonville also ruled out cornerback?Aaron Ross (calf) and defensive end George Selvie (concussion) on Friday. Dolphins wide receiver Davone Bess will miss a game for the first time in his career as a result of a back injury and linebacker Koa Misi (ankle) is out as well.
Buccaneers at Saints
Things are pretty healthy on the Tampa side of things with defensive end Da?Quan Bowers (hamstring) and cornerback LeQuan Lewis (knee) questionable and a few other probable players. The Saints are down right tackles Zach Strief (ankle) and Charles Brown (knee) this week. Running back Chris Ivory and safety Malcolm Jenkins will both miss the game with hamstring injuries.
Vikings at Rams
The Vikings have 10 probable players and just cornerback Antoine Winfield (knee) listed as questionable. That tops the Rams, who have nine probables and just defensive tackle Jermelle Cudjo (foot).
Lions at Cardinals
Lions defensive tackle Nick Fairley (shoulder) and tight end Brandon Pettigrew (ankle) are doubtful for the Lions. Safety Louis Delmas (knee) is questionable, as is Cardinals defensive end Calais Campbell (calf). Wide receiver Early Doucet has been ruled out because of a concussion.
Seahawks at Bills
Wide receiver Sidney Rice (foot) is probable for the Seahawks, but cornerbacks Walter Thurmond and Marcus Trufant are both out with hamstring injuries. Center Eric Wood (knee) remains out for the Bills, while defensive end Mark Anderson (knee) is questionable in his attempt to return after several weeks on the sideline. Safety Jairus Byrd (shin), linebacker Nick Barnett (knee), defensive end Marcell Dareus (shoulder) and guard Andy Levitre (knee) are also questionable for Buffalo.
Panthers at Chargers
The Panthers will be without running back Jonathan Stewart (ankle) and wide receiver Brandon LaFell is questionable thanks to a toe injury. Linebacker DeMorrio Williams (ankle) is out for San Diego while running back Ronnie Brown (hamstring), linebacker Donald Butler (groin), tackle Jeromey Clary (knee) and guard Tyronne Green (ankle) are all doubtful.
Steelers at Cowboys
Tackle Willie Colon?s been ruled out by the Steelers and it?s thought his knee injury will end his season. Cornerback Ike Taylor (ankle) and tackle Mike Adams (ankle) have also been ruled out for Pittsburgh. Defensive tackle Jay Ratliff won?t play after having sports hernia surgery and wide receiver Dez Bryant is questionable with the finger injury we?ve been following all week. Bryant says he?s playing, as does linebacker DeMarcus Ware (elbow) but the outlook is a bit less certain for guard Nate Livings and cornerback Morris Claiborne because of concussions.
Chiefs at Raiders
The Chiefs haven?t placed wide receiver Dwayne Bowe (ribs) on injured reserve, so he?s been ruled out. Three offensive linemen ? tackle Branden Albert (back), guard Jon Asamoah (thumb) and guard Ryan Lilja (knee) ? are questionable while guard Russ Hochstein (back) is doubtful. Defensive tackle Richard Seymour (hamstring, knee) could make his return for the Raiders after getting the questionable tag, a designation he shares with safety Tyvon Branch (neck, ankle).
49ers at Patriots
The 49ers travel across the country in good shape with just wide receiver Mario Manningham (shoulder) expected to miss the game after being listed as doubtful. The Patriots listed 19 players as questionable, including tight end Rob Gronkowski (forearm). Gronkowski isn?t expected to play and forecasting the status for the many questionable Patriots every week tends to be a waste of time.
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - British singer Adele notched another accolade on Thursday as iTunes announced that her Grammy-winning album "21" was the top-selling record of 2012 in its U.S. store, extending the disc's successful run almost two years after it was released.
Adele, 24, who last year became the first artist to secure three iTunes milestones with top-selling album, single and artist of the year, came in ahead of country-pop star Taylor Swift's "Red" and British folk band Mumford & Sons' "Babel."
ITunes did not reveal its sales or download figures.
British boy band One Direction's debut album "Up All Night" and current Grammy nominees fun.'s debut "Some Nights" rounded out the five top-selling albums on iTunes in the United States.
"21," released in February 2011, has performed strongly in the U.S. music charts this year following the singer's Grammy-sweeping win in six categories in February 2012.
Adele also landed Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe nominations for her sultry James Bond theme song "Skyfall" this week, becoming a strong contender in the best song category for Hollywood's awards season.
"Thank you so much for the honor of being included in something as brilliant as the Golden Globes! Never in a million years did I ever think I'd come close to such a thing! Truly wonderful ... thank you to the Bond family for giving me the opportunity," the singer said in a statement on Thursday.
ITunes U.S. compiled their Best of 2012 list by looking at the most downloaded items from the Apple iTunes store.
Canadian pop star Carly Rae Jepsen had the top-selling track for her infectious breakthrough summer single "Call Me Maybe."
Post-apocalyptic action film "The Hunger Games" was the best-selling movie while the second season of British aristocratic period drama "Downton Abbey," another Hollywood awards favorite, was iTunes' top-selling television series.
The iTunes Best of 2012 lists can be seen at www.itunes.com/AppStoreBestof2012
(Reporting by Piya Sinha-Roy, editing by Jill Serjeant and Mohammad Zargham)
VAL GARDENA, Italy (AP) ? Not too many skiers can afford to make a big mistake and still be more than a second faster than anyone else.
Lindsey Vonn has done it a few times on the women's circuit. Austrian legend Hermann Maier used to pull it off in his prime. Now Aksel Lund Svindal is doing it, too.
The Norwegian was 1.07 seconds quicker than second-place finisher Matteo Marsaglia in a super-G Friday despite a major mistake three gates from the finish.
"He has the weird ability of still keeping his speed up when he makes mistakes, which is a pretty sweet ability to have," said Kjetil Jansrud, Svindal's teammate from Norway, who finished fourth. "He's owning this sport for the moment."
Svindal clocked 1 minute, 36.95 seconds down the Saslong course under a light snowfall that made for flat light. The victory extended Svindal's lead at the top of the overall World Cup standings.
Marsaglia and Italian teammate Werner Heel rounded out the podium to the delight of the local fans in the Dolomite Range, with Heel 1.12 seconds behind.
It was Svindal's third win in five speed races this season. He finished second in the other two.
"It was a good race. I don't know what else to say. Some days are faster than other days and today was fast," Svindal said. "So far this season is just going great. I had hoped to be good, but I didn't expect to be this good."
Svindal would have won by an even larger margin had he not nearly gone down with his legs in a split within sight of the finish line. But he recovered by the next-to-last gate ? somehow twisting his tall frame back into balance ? and lost only 0.08 of his advantage from the final checkpoint.
"I heard on the radio that everyone was losing time to the Italian guys at the last split," Svindal said. "I definitely didn't want to give anything away at the bottom, so I was charging and I came tight in there ... and then I hit a bump.
"It's just reflexes, really you don't have time to think about it. Definitely not what I planned to do. I had a high heart rate before that but that definitely raised it. I was pretty close to losing my balance."
It was the 19th win of Svindal's World Cup career, moving him past Lasse Kjus into second place among Norwegian skiers, trailing only Kjetil Andre Aamodt's 21 victories.
Svindal also won this super-G in 2009.
The last man to reach the podium in the first three super-Gs of the season was Maier in 2003-04. Maier ended up reaching the podium in all seven super-Gs that season.
"Hermann Maier has (54) World Cup victories. I have 19, so I have a long way to be close to Hermann Maier," Svindal said. "I'm just happy that I'm fast this year. I'm not thinking too much about what other guys have done. I'm more concerned with the guys I'm racing against now."
One of those guys is Marsaglia, who won the previous super-G in Beaver Creek, Colorado, for his first career victory.
"This second place is maybe better than the first place in Beaver Creek," Marsaglia said. "(Alberto) Tomba told me that winning once is easy but it's difficult to win a second time. Well this is nearly a win, so confirming myself feels really good."
Jansrud and Svindal were 1-2 in downhill training on Thursday and will be the favorites for Saturday's downhill on the Saslong.
"We fight with each other all the time in training and we're almost 50-50 when it comes to the best times, so I have to learn what he's doing in the races to be as fast as him," Jansrud said of Svindal. "He's not unbeatable."
Svindal moved 132 points ahead of American rival Ted Ligety in the overall standings, as Ligety finished 25th.
"This is not really a hill that suits me at all," Ligety said. "There's a lot of terrain and it's more about absorbing the terrain than turning, so that's not really my specialty."
Svindal could widen his margin again in the downhill, since Ligety isn't racing, while the American will be favored in Sunday's giant slalom in nearby Alta Badia.
Svindal also holds a 71-point lead on Marsaglia on top of the super-G standings.
"He's annoyingly fast," Ligety said of Svindal. "He doesn't look very good, but he's fast. It's tough to watch that and figure out how to make up more speed. He doesn't do anything seemingly special, he just makes time everywhere."
Heavier snowfalls are expected overnight, which could affect Saturday's race. Organizers have already raised the possibility of using two shortened runs for the downhill.
Team solves mystery associated with DNA repairPublic release date: 13-Dec-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Diana Yates diya@illinois.edu 217-333-5802 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
CHAMPAIGN, lll. Every time a human or bacterial cell divides it first must copy its DNA. Specialized proteins unzip the intertwined DNA strands while others follow and build new strands, using the originals as templates. Whenever these proteins encounter a break and there are many they stop and retreat, allowing a new cast of molecular players to enter the scene.
Scientists have long sought to understand how one of these players, a repair protein known as RecA in bacterial cells, helps broken DNA find a way to bridge the gap. They knew that RecA guided a broken DNA strand to a matching sequence on an adjoining bit of double-stranded DNA, but they didn't know how. In a new study, researchers report they have identified how the RecA protein does its job.
"The puzzle for scientists has been: How does the damaged DNA look for and find its partner, the matching DNA, so that it can repair itself?" said University of Illinois physics professor Taekjip Ha, who led the study. "Because the genomic DNA is millions of bases long, this task is much like finding a needle in a haystack. We found the answer to how the cell does this so quickly."
The research is described in a paper in eLife, a new open-access journal supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust. Ha is an HHMI investigator. The National Science Foundation provided primary funding for this work.
DNA repair is vital to health, vitality and longevity. Disruptions of the process can lead to the early onset of diseases associated with aging or cancer in animals. The breast cancer mutation known as BRCA2, for example, disrupts a gene involved in loading Rad51 (the human equivalent of RecA) onto a broken DNA strand to begin the process of repair.
Previous studies have shown that in bacteria, RecA forms a filament that winds itself around a broken, single strand of DNA. Like a matchmaker trying to find a partner for an unpaired dancer, it scours the corresponding DNA strands for a sequence that will pair up perfectly with the broken strand. Once it finds the sequence, the broken strand steps in and chemically bonds to its new partner, displacing one of the unbroken strands (which eventually pairs with the other broken strand). This elaborate molecular square dance allows the cell to go back to the work of duplicating its genome. Each broken strand now is paired with an unbroken one, and uses the intact strand as a template for replication. (Watch an animation about this process.)
"If a break in DNA occurs, you have to repair it," Ha said. "We wanted to know how RecA helps the DNA find a sequence complementary to it in the sea of genomic DNA, and how it does it so quickly."
To answer this question, the researchers made use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to observe in real time the interaction of the RecA protein and the DNA. FRET uses fluorescent molecules whose signals vary in intensity depending on their proximity to one another. By labeling a single DNA strand bound by RecA and putting a different fluorescent label on a stretch of double-stranded DNA, the researchers could see how the molecules interacted with one another.
The team determined that RecA that is bound to a broken, single-stranded DNA molecule actually slides back and forth along the double-stranded DNA molecule searching for a match.
"We discovered that this RecA filament can slide on double-stranded DNA for a span of sequences covering about 200 base pairs of DNA," Ha said. "This is how one strand of DNA can be exchanged with another from a different DNA duplex. That's the process called
'recombination.' "
The discovery explains how DNA repair can occur so quickly, Ha said.
"We did a calculation that found that without this kind of process that we discovered, then DNA repair would be 200 times slower," he said. "So your DNA would not be repaired quickly and damage would accumulate, possibly leading to serious diseases."
The research team included graduate students Kaushik Ragunathan and Cheng Liu. Ha is an affiliate of the Institute for Genomic Biology and a co-director of the NSF Center for the Physics of Living Cells at Illinois.
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Editor's note: To reach Taekjip Ha, call 217-265-0717; email tjha@illinois.edu. The paper, "RecA Filament Sliding on DNA Facilitates Homology Search," is available online.
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Team solves mystery associated with DNA repairPublic release date: 13-Dec-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Diana Yates diya@illinois.edu 217-333-5802 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
CHAMPAIGN, lll. Every time a human or bacterial cell divides it first must copy its DNA. Specialized proteins unzip the intertwined DNA strands while others follow and build new strands, using the originals as templates. Whenever these proteins encounter a break and there are many they stop and retreat, allowing a new cast of molecular players to enter the scene.
Scientists have long sought to understand how one of these players, a repair protein known as RecA in bacterial cells, helps broken DNA find a way to bridge the gap. They knew that RecA guided a broken DNA strand to a matching sequence on an adjoining bit of double-stranded DNA, but they didn't know how. In a new study, researchers report they have identified how the RecA protein does its job.
"The puzzle for scientists has been: How does the damaged DNA look for and find its partner, the matching DNA, so that it can repair itself?" said University of Illinois physics professor Taekjip Ha, who led the study. "Because the genomic DNA is millions of bases long, this task is much like finding a needle in a haystack. We found the answer to how the cell does this so quickly."
The research is described in a paper in eLife, a new open-access journal supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust. Ha is an HHMI investigator. The National Science Foundation provided primary funding for this work.
DNA repair is vital to health, vitality and longevity. Disruptions of the process can lead to the early onset of diseases associated with aging or cancer in animals. The breast cancer mutation known as BRCA2, for example, disrupts a gene involved in loading Rad51 (the human equivalent of RecA) onto a broken DNA strand to begin the process of repair.
Previous studies have shown that in bacteria, RecA forms a filament that winds itself around a broken, single strand of DNA. Like a matchmaker trying to find a partner for an unpaired dancer, it scours the corresponding DNA strands for a sequence that will pair up perfectly with the broken strand. Once it finds the sequence, the broken strand steps in and chemically bonds to its new partner, displacing one of the unbroken strands (which eventually pairs with the other broken strand). This elaborate molecular square dance allows the cell to go back to the work of duplicating its genome. Each broken strand now is paired with an unbroken one, and uses the intact strand as a template for replication. (Watch an animation about this process.)
"If a break in DNA occurs, you have to repair it," Ha said. "We wanted to know how RecA helps the DNA find a sequence complementary to it in the sea of genomic DNA, and how it does it so quickly."
To answer this question, the researchers made use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to observe in real time the interaction of the RecA protein and the DNA. FRET uses fluorescent molecules whose signals vary in intensity depending on their proximity to one another. By labeling a single DNA strand bound by RecA and putting a different fluorescent label on a stretch of double-stranded DNA, the researchers could see how the molecules interacted with one another.
The team determined that RecA that is bound to a broken, single-stranded DNA molecule actually slides back and forth along the double-stranded DNA molecule searching for a match.
"We discovered that this RecA filament can slide on double-stranded DNA for a span of sequences covering about 200 base pairs of DNA," Ha said. "This is how one strand of DNA can be exchanged with another from a different DNA duplex. That's the process called
'recombination.' "
The discovery explains how DNA repair can occur so quickly, Ha said.
"We did a calculation that found that without this kind of process that we discovered, then DNA repair would be 200 times slower," he said. "So your DNA would not be repaired quickly and damage would accumulate, possibly leading to serious diseases."
The research team included graduate students Kaushik Ragunathan and Cheng Liu. Ha is an affiliate of the Institute for Genomic Biology and a co-director of the NSF Center for the Physics of Living Cells at Illinois.
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Editor's note: To reach Taekjip Ha, call 217-265-0717; email tjha@illinois.edu. The paper, "RecA Filament Sliding on DNA Facilitates Homology Search," is available online.
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Public release date: 13-Dec-2012
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